Investigating the malleable socioeconomic resilience pathway to urban cohesion: a case of Taipei metropolitan area

It is known that globalization has led first- and second-tier cities’ urban restructuring trajectories, excreted pressures, and caused tremendous socioeconomic volatility. This resulted in marginalized communities in dire of social empowerment, employment structure variance, and industry sectoral adjustment. Moreover, recent successive climate and health crisis unfolded and affirmed the state of our urban incompetence to sustain socioeconomic resilience or otherwise; lacking swift responses in providing critical management and services, cites are facing multifaceted challenges. Urban well-being and resilience are at stake. Although the environmental and health dimensional effects are apparent, this study ascertains that the transept multi-scalar analysis within the urban socioeconomic structure is crucial in sustaining core resilience to foster health and well-being of the community. As an integral part of the investigation, the revised DPSIR assessment framework is applied to evaluate the sectoral shift; spatial structure disarray and urban codependence degree are examined within the Taipei metropolitan area (TMA), a medium size but densely populated metropolitan area in Taiwan. The place-based DPSIR analysis ascertained the states and impacts in TMA: (1) A population decline speeded the restructuring of the urban core, while the impact of demographic aging and shrinkage rate mandates proper management and planning responses to the decline process; (2) the socioeconomic state effect is determined but does not critically affect the periphery zone, while an uneven demographic shift within the urban core necessitates dynamic adjustment responses to appropriately provide intergenerational services; (3) the uneven sector redistribution stimulated the core’s spatial and structural inter-dependency with peripheral zones, requiring governance with tighter cross-administration cooperation among respective public sectors; and (4) facing the sector/temporal and demographic pressure, urban cohesiveness in the TMA is greatly affected, which in turn disrupts the resilience pathway toward a cohesion. The study ascertained that the revised DPSIR framework could provide cities facing pressing socioeconomic drivers with effective analysis to allocate pressures, states, and impacts and formulate the necessary responses. To assure the socioeconomic resilience and urban cohesiveness, planning policy should carefully monitor and evaluate socio-demographic and sector redistribution factors to promote the urban resilience.

     

Evaluation of photolysis and hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin in aqueous solutions and its degradation products in paddy water

This study evaluated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and identified the resulting metabolites of pyraclostrobin by hydrolysis and photolysis in paddy water using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The effect of solution pH, metal ions and surfactants on the hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin was explored. The hydrolysis half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 23.1–115.5?days and were stable in buffer solution at pH 5.0. The degradation rate of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution under sunlight was slower than that under UV photolysis reaction. The half-lives of pyraclostrobin in a buffer solution at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and in paddy water were less than 12?h under the two light irradiation types. The metabolites of the two processes were identified and compared to further understand the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis and photolysis of pyraclostrobin in natural water. The extracted ions obtained from paddy water were automatically annotated by Compound Discoverer software with manual confirmation of their fragments. Two metabolites were detected and identified in the pyraclostrobin hydrolysis, whereas three metabolites were detected and identified in the photolysis in paddy water.     

阊江上游河道整治底质粒径变化对鱼类群落多样性的影响

河床基质为溪流鱼类的重要栖息地.为研究溪流河道整治后基质组成变化对鱼类群落结构产生的影响及其作用机制,在阊江上游选取急流浅滩与缓流浅滩两种典型溪流生境,对比分析了两种生境河道整治前后鱼类群落结构的变化及其主要原因.结果表明,采集鱼类数量由河道整治前的24种降低至整治后的17种,但前后不存在显著性差异(P＞0.05);鱼类群落优势种由河道整治前的5种降低至整治后的3种.河道整治前鱼类群落的Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为1.623～2.253,0.715～0.866,1.680～3.109和0.652～0.813;整治后分别为 1.120～1.679,0.528～0.724,1.444～2.695和0.508～0.722.除春季和秋季整治后的Margalef指数高于整治前,其余各季节,河道整治前的多样性和均匀性指数均要高于整治后(P＜0.05).主要原因在于河道整治后河床基质粒径及粒径多样性降低、流态减少等使生境异质性降低.因此,建议在河道整治过程中避免选择性清除大粒径基质及裁弯取直等,以维持河床基质的多样性,从而防止或降低施工带来的不利影响.     

单宁为模板制备纳米二氧化钛 及其对钍的吸附性能

以杨梅单宁(BT)为模板,水热法合成纳米二氧化钛(BT-NTO)。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和TEM技术对BT-NTO的结构及形貌进行了表征。将BT-NTO用于吸附溶液中的Th~(4+),在溶液pH为3.5、温度为25℃、Th~(4+)初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,BT-NTO对Th~(4+)的吸附量为0.905 8 mmol/g;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程;溶液中共存的Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Yb~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、La~(3+)、Cl-、ClO4-离子对Th~(4+)吸附量影响较小;BT-NTO的重复使用性能较好。     

煤矿企业实施安全评价的绩效分析

为了解煤矿企业实施安全评价工作的绩效,建立健全煤矿安全保障体系,提高煤矿企业安全管理水平,受国家安监总局委托,中国安全生产科学研究院于2006年底至2007年初在全国范围内对煤矿企业实施安全评价的绩效进行了调查.调查结果显示,实施安全评价对于企业提高安全意识、改善安全管理水平、改进安全设施、降低事故发生频率等有明显作用.     

层次分析法在化工园区安全评价中的应用

本文采用层次分析法对化工园区域的安全水平评价进行了综合分析研究,得到了化工园区安全评价指标的选取、安全指标权重的确定的技术方法.结果表明,为了构建较为全面的化工园区安全水平评价指标体系,可从区域企业安全生产状况、区域规划状况、区域应急资源利用能力、区域社会经济状况四个方面共25个安全评价指标组成评价体系,进而采用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,计算结果不仅能够反映园区风险的分布状况,而且对整个园区的规划和布局具有较好的决策支持作用.总而言之,将层次分析法用于化学工业园的安全评价是一种新的尝试,对此进行全面的介绍有着一定的工程实际应用价值.     

企业安全文化评估与企业安全行为的质化研究

通过总结国内外各种不同的安全文化概念,归纳分析了国内外较为流行的近10种安全文化建立模式。在研讨文献的基础上,通过深入访谈、焦点小组与参与观察,归纳构造了一套共11个维度,总题项为152题的安全文化评估量表。通过对选定企业的实证问卷调查,进行统计分析,采用多元逐步回归分析等方法对安全文化各评核因素及整体安全文化进行预测,并以百分数呈现其整体的安全文化现状水平。通过基于扎根理论的各种质化研究方法,对案例企业的安全文化建设和企业安全行为进行研究,得到了7点关于企业安全行为的研究发现,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

2004年10-12月全球灾害录

10月2日低温气流突袭湖北武汉,全市狂风不止气温骤降。 台湾红火蚁灾情蔓延,全台5个县市受灾。 3日泰国发现全亚洲首例狗感染禽流感病例。 5日江西一煤矿发生瓦斯爆炸事故,造成9人死亡。 7日广西出现罕见的局部严重干旱,67万亩农田出现旱情。 8日久晴不雨的湘江中游出现了秋季最低水位。 9日鹤矿集团十三化工公司雷管车间发生爆炸,13人伤亡。 10日湖北一学校发生食物中毒事件,34名学生人院治疗。 11日水资源占全国1乃的长江流域污水处理率仅为1明毛。 16日罗马尼亚一3岁雌黑熊肇事,导致l死10伤。 19日四川宝兴县发生岩体垮塌事故,死亡9人失…     

北京市农业机械排放因子与排放清单

利用车载排放测试技术对典型的联合收割机、拖拉机、农用运输车和农田建设机械实际工况下的尾气进行测试,建立了实际工况下农业机械的排放因子和2017年北京市农用机械排放清单.结果表明,不同的工作状态对农业机械尾气排放有较大的影响,怠速和行走时CO、NO_x、HC和PM排放趋于平稳;而切地和翻地模式下的波动较为明显.根据各类机械的分类和排放标准对排放因子进行细化,建立了较为完整的实际工况下的排放因子.根据农业机械排放因子和燃油消耗量计算出2017年北京市CO、NO_x、HC和PM的排放量分别是2 566.60、 1 239.29、 563.08和538.32 t.拖拉机、运输机械和联合收割机的污染物总量占CO、NO_x、HC和PM这4种污染物总量的98%、 95%、 95%和98%.因此,农用拖拉机、运输机械和联合收割机在农业机械污染减排中应作为重点控制对象.